红火蚁位列全球百种最危险入侵物种 中国的外来入侵物种有哪些

近日，农业农村部等9个部门联合印发加强红火蚁阻截防控的通知。红火蚁原产自南美，是地道的外来入侵生物。除了会导致严重的生态问题，蜇咬人后会将毒液注入受害者皮肤，让易过敏的人出现脸红、荨麻疹，甚至呼吸困难。

红火蚁怎么入侵的?

2004年9月下旬在广东省吴川市被发现，至今已侵入中国超16载。红火蚁是通过进口货物侵入中国大陆的，废旧物品(废纸、废旧电子产品等)、原木是携带红火蚁入侵中国的主要途径。

中国的外来入侵物种有哪些

外来物种的入侵途径大体如下：一是自然入侵;这种入侵不是人为原因引起的，而是通过风媒，水体流动或由昆虫鸟类的传带，植物种子或动物幼虫发生自然迁移造成生物危害所引起的外来物种入侵。二是人为引进;人为引进分两种方式，有意引进和无意引进。

部分外来入侵种：

哺乳类Mammals:

獭狸 Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

麝鼠 Musk rat (Ondatra zibethicus)

褐家鼠 Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

鸟类Birds:

小葵花凤头鹦鹉 Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua sulpurea)

虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉Rainbow lorikeet (Trichoglossus haematotus)

加拿大鹅 Canada goose (Anser canadensis)

爬行类Reptiles:

巴西龟(Trachemys scripta elegans)

两栖类Amphibians:

牛蛙Bull frog (Rana catesbeiana)

鱼类Fishes:

鳙 Bighead (Aristichthys nobilis)

鰕虎鱼 Gobies (Gobiidae)

麦穗鱼 Topmouth Gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva)

食蚊鱼Mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis)

胎鳉 Livebearers (Poeciliidae)

鲈Perch (Perca fluviatilus)

鲢Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

甲壳类Crustaceans:

克氏螯虾 Crayfish (Procambius clarkii)

软体动物Mollusks:

福寿螺 Amazonian snail (Ampullaria gigas)

非洲大蜗牛 Giant Africa snail (Achatina fulica)

昆虫Insects:

白蚁 (Termite)

松突圆蚧 Pine Scale (Hemiberlesia pitysophila)

美国白蛾 Fall webworm, American White Moth (Hyphantria cunea)

蔗扁蛾 Banana moth (Opogona sacchari)

湿地松粉蚧 Loblolly pine mealybug (Oracella acuta)

美洲斑潜蝇 Vegetable Leaf Miner (Liriomyza sativae)

稻水象 American rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)

美洲大蠊 American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

德国小蠊 German Cockroach (Blattella germanica)

苹果棉蚜 Woolly Apple Aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)

葡萄根虫 Grape Root Louse (Phylloxera vitifolii)

线虫Nematode:

松材线虫 North American pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

真菌Fungi:

甘薯长喙壳菌 Black Spot (Ceratocystis fimbriata)

野生动物疾病Wildlife Diseases:

鲑鱼传染性胰脏坏死病 Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in trout (IPNV)

植物Plants:

土荆芥 Mexican Tea (Chenopodium ambrosioides)

水花生 Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides)

刺花莲子草 Spingflower Alternanthera (Alternanthera pungens)

苋属植物Amaranth (Amaranthus)

仙人掌Cacti (Cactaceae)

假连翘Golden Dewdrop (Duranta repens)

刺茄 Love Apple (Solanum aculeatissimum)

美洲车前 Plantaiga (Plantaginaceae)

异檐花 Venus' Looking-glass (Triodanis)

藿香蓟Tropic Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides)

豚草 Ragweed (Ambrosia)

白酒草属 Fleabance (Conyza)

一年蓬 Daisy Fleabane (Erigeron annuus)

紫茎泽兰Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum)

薇甘菊South American Climber (Mikania micrantha) [1]

北美一枝黄 Tall goldenrod (Solidago altissma)

大米草 Common cordgrass (Spartina anglica)

毒麦 Darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum)

水葫芦 Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

五爪金龙Palmate-leaved Morning Glory (Ipomoea cairica)

红瓜Ivygourd (Coccinia cordifolia)

马缨丹Common Lantana (Lantana camara)

五叶地锦Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia)

猫爪藤Common Cat's Claw Vine (Macfadyena unguis-cati)

三裂蟛蜞菊Trilobe Wedelia (Wedelia trilobata)

蓖麻Castor-oil Plant (Ricinus communis)

银胶菊Common Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus)

心叶落葵薯 Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia)

黄花草木樨 Yellow Sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis)

白香草木樨White Sweetclover (Melilotus albus)

棒叶景天Tubeleaf Kalanchce (Kalanchoe tubifolia)

蔓马缨丹Weeping Lantana (Lantana montevidensis)

假韭Oleanderleaf Nothoscordum (Nothoscordum gracile)

苇状羊茅Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

大花老鸦嘴Blue Trumpet Vine (Thunbergia graniflora)

飞机草 Odor Eupatorium (Eupatorium odoratum)

单刺仙人掌Prickly Pear (Opuntia monacantha)

赛葵Coromandel Coast Falsemallow (Malvastrum coromandelianum)

梯牧草Timothy (Phleum pratense)

地毯草Carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus)

节节草Ramose Scouring Rush (Equisetum ramosissimum)

毛花雀稗Caterpillar Grass (Paspalum dilatatum)

铺地狼尾草West African Pennisetum (Pennisetum clandestinum)

莠狗尾草Knotroot Bristlegrass (Setaria geniculata)

苏丹草Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense)

多花黑麦草Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

球茎大麦Bulbous Barley (Hordeum bulbosum)

紫花苜蓿Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

熊耳草Mexican Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum)

蛇目菊Tinctorial Coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria)

大花金鸡菊Lance Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata)

矢车菊Corntfower (Centaurea cyanus)

万寿菊Aztec Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

裂叶牵牛Whiteedge Morning Glory (Ipomoea nil)

圆叶牵牛Common Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea)

紫茉莉Four-o'clock (Mirabilis jalapa)

含羞草Pink Woodsorrel (Mimosa pudica)

铜锤草Corymb Wood Sorrel (Oxalis corymbosa)

大麻Hemp (Cannabis indica)

含羞草决明Sensitiveplant-like Senna (Cassia mimosoides)

决明Sickle Senna (Cassia tora)

土人参Panicled Fameflower (Talinum paniculatum)

望江南Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis)

美洲商陆Common Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)

野茼蒿Hawksbeard Velvetplant (Crassocephalum crepidioides)

菊苣Common Chicory (Cichorium intybus